Destruction of the lymphoid tissues leads to a profound leucopenia. Pathogenesis of measles virus infections.
Rubell Ppt
Experimental morbillivirus infections with wild type viruses in natural host species have demonstrated that direct infection and depletion of memory immune cells causes immune amnesia.
Measles virus measles pathogenesis. The rash occurs simultaneously with the onset of the effector phase of the antiviral immune response a. Measles virus is a single stranded negative sense enveloped rna morbillivirus in the family paramyxoviridae and is spread through a range of mechanisms from airborne droplets to direct contact. It has two envelope glycoproteins the haemagglutinin h and fusion proteins which are responsible for attachment and membrane fusion resp.
Measles first gains access to the body via the upper respiratory tract or the conjunctiva. Measles virus causes a severe systemic illness. Measles is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries.
Cd150 is the primary cellular entry receptor for initial mv infection in vivo. Over the last decade identification of new cellular receptors and studies in animal models have challenged the historic concepts of measles pathogenesis. In vivo studies in non human primates have shown that the virus initially infects cd150 lymphocytes and dendritic cells both in circulation and in lymphoid tissues followed by virus transmission to nectin 4 expressing epithelial cells.
Measles virus mv a member of the genus morbillivirus in the family paramyxoviridae is an enveloped virus with a non segmented negative strand rna genome. An hypothesis for altered immune responses the journal of infectious diseases volume 170 issue supplement 1 november 1994 pages s24 s31 https. The attachment receptor dc sign plays an important role in initial mv infection.
Measles virus is spread via the respiratory route and causes systemic disease. However measles immune suppression causes increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections that are responsible for the majority of over 100000 yearly fatalities. Nectin 4 is an additional cell entry receptor on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells.
The pathogenesis of measles is complex because measles virus uses multiple receptors to infect different cell types in different phases of the disease. The virus quickly spreads to the immediate lymph nodes. Mv entry is mediated by immune cells in the alveoli or the mucocilliary epithelium.
Identification of cd150 and nectin 4 as cellular receptors for measles virus has led to new perspectives on tropism and pathogenesis. Pathogenesis of measles virus infection. The pathogenesis of measles virus infection indicates that prevention of transmission from person to person could be accomplished by inhibiting replication at the initial site of infection inhibiting the viremia that occurs during the incubation period or preventing cell entry and invasion of the upper respiratory epithelial cells which.
A primary viraemia ensues which is responsible for spreading the virus. The pathogenesis of measles is complex bec measles virus causes a disease with seemingly innocent symptoms such as fever and rash. Measles virus mv is transmitted via the respiratory route and causes systemic disease.
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