A bacteriophage b æ k ˈ t ɪər i oʊ f eɪ dʒ also known informally as a phage f eɪ dʒ is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea the term was derived from bacteria and the greek φαγεῖν phagein meaning to devour bacteriophages are composed of proteins that encapsulate a dna or rna genome and may have structures that are either simple. Note though that the tail is an appendage to the capsid rather than strictly a constituent of the capsid.
Some bacteriophages like the t4 bacteriophage that infects e coli also have a protein tail composed of fibers that help attach the virus to its host.
Virus bacteriophage capsid. The protein shell that encloses the nucleic acid genome of phages along with genomes of viruses in general. The protein shell or capsid protects the viral genome. Tails are are responsible for adsorption as well as translocation of the phage nucleic acid into adsorbed bacteria.
In tailed phages order caudovirales the capsid is combined with a tail. A bacteriophage is essentially a virus consisting of dna or rna that is enclosed within a protein shell. Another icosahedral virus that has been used extensively as a bioconjugation target is bacteriophage ms2 or simply ms2.
The capsid is sometimes called a capsule instead. Its capsid consists of a 27 nm hollow sphere which like many other t 3 viruses is formed from 180 sequence identical monomers.
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